‘Battle with boredom’: Is your dog naughty or bored?

A bored dog left at home is a recipe for disaster. From digging up your veggie patch to destroying your new couch, ripping washing off the line, and driving the neighbours crazy with relentless barking, any pooch that loses a battle with boredom is chaotic.

And while the mischievous behaviour is hilarious on YouTube, you can quickly loose your sense of humor when it’s your troublesome dog.

Brisbane’s RSPCA School for Dogs dog trainer Tim Ring said we are beginning to understand more about dogs. What would once have been considered the behaviour of a “naughty” dog, we now know might be caused by a lack of mental and physical stimulation.

“Gone are the days where we assumed that the extent of an animal’s desires were food, safety and procreation,” he said.

“Science has proven what most of us who share a home with an animal already knew: animals like fun and will find entertainment whether we provide it or not.”

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Dogs enjoy a day at Doggie Adventure Playhouse. Picture: Toni Pettigrew

So why do dogs get bored?

Our four-legged best friends get bored for the same reason humans do. Although it is hard to believe when their drinking out of a toilet or chasing their tail, dogs are highly intelligent and busy creatures. Their ancestors would have spent their time finding food, water or mates, and after being domesticated most dogs were put to work in some way. Whether they were employed or otherwise, dogs did a lot of work in the past. Now, spending most of their time at home, it’s not hard to see why they get bored.

So how do you know if your dog is naughty or bored?

5 ways to know if your dog is bored

Vying for attention

Most bored dogs will try to get their owner’s attention when they want something. From whining to barking or pawing at your legs they will not give up without a fight. Of course, there are other reasons that a dog might do these things, but these can often be ruled out with some trial and error. If your dog is trying to get your attention and they have already been fed and have water, they are probably just bored.

Bin dive

Some bored dogs make a game out of going through the trash. And when they are so engaged in sniffing out an interesting scent, they can scatter last night’s dinner all through the house. For those owners that come home, after a long day, to a house covered in rubbish this is a frustrating problem. It is tempting to think that this behavior is the result of hunger. However, even the most well-fed dogs still dig in the trash purely because they have nothing better to do.

Counter Surfing

If your dog has taken up counter surfing, digging in the rubbish is the least of your worries. If a bored dog can find a way to get onto your counter or table, they will have a field day. Shattering plates and bowls after knocking them off the bench, and eating anything in reach is the equivalent of going to a theme park for a bored dog. If you’ve ever come home and wondered how your favourite fruit bowl ended up on the floor, or where that meat you left out to defrost went, your dog may have taken up counter surfing. This boredom buster can quickly become dangerous if your dog eats dangerous foods including, some fruits, chocolate or onion. 

Chewing

Chewing is probably the worst side effect of canine boredom. A dedicated chewer can wreak havoc on your home and can destroy things you would never have thought them capable of destroying.

Sleeping

Older and less active dogs tend to respond to boredom by sleeping a lot. They don’t have quite as much energy to chew through the armchair or jump up on the counter, so their natural response is to take a nap when they have nothing better to do. Dog’s love of sleep makes this symptom the hardest to identify, but If your dog sleeps more than half the day, it could mean the dog is bored.

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Dogs who attend Doggie Adventure Playhouse enjoy the company of other dogs. Picture: Toni Pettigrew

If after reading these 5 key signs you think your pooch may be bored, don’t fret there are easy ways to keep your dog’s tail wagging that won’t end with you pulling your hair out.

As mentioned above canine boredom is often the result of a high energy dog without an energy outlet. Dogs seem to be happiest when they are active, so one of the best ways to fight back against boredom is to make sure they get a lot of physical activity. Dogs are pack animals and therefore naturally crave and need the reassurance of a group. Solo dogs are more likely to get bored, depressed and become naughty, so one of the best ways to cure boredom and help your sanity is to socialize your dog with other dogs.

What is the most mischievous thing your dog has done? Is your dog bored? Comment below.

Check out Doggie Adventure Playhouse’s Instagram for fun ways to entertain your dog.

Three easy ways to travel sustainably

From increasing cultural understanding to aiding economies, it’s no secret that the travel industry has positive impacts on the world. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council the travel and tourism sector experienced a 3.9% growth in 2018, outpacing the global economy (by 0.7%) for the eighth year. But, growing at a rate of 3 to 5% per year, the increase of international holidaymakers is directly impacting the industry’s greenhouse gas emissions which cater to 8% of the global total.

Luckily, there are easy ways to reduce your environmental impacts without sacrificing your wanderlust.

1. Say ‘no’ to plastic water bottles
My eyes were opened to the catastrophic impacts of plastic pollution after a recent trip to Indonesia. I had heard about the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, but it wasn’t until I saw the thick plastic rivers that I began to actively make a change. One of the biggest challenges travellers face is finding drinkable water. This problem, I know, forced me to buy an insatiable about of plastic water bottles that would no doubt add to the 8 million tons of plastic annually dumped into the ocean. Luckily huge strides have been made in developing easy-to-use, effective, lightweight, durable and affordable water purifiers perfect for any traveller’s carry on. There are heaps of options like LifeStraw or GRAYL that can filter unsafe water in minutes.

2. Consider how you get there
Flying is often the most feasible way to travel, but accounting for 2% of global emissions, it’s one of the fastest-growing polluters. This means it’s time for us to reconsider how we fly. When you book a flight you may have noticed the option to offset your emissions by paying a few extra dollars. If you choose to do so the airline will spend the extra cash on projects like planting more trees or improving energy efficiency. But as Griffith University’s Susanne Becken said to ABC, offsetting emissions is a bandaid.

“I always hasten to say that offsets are only the second-best option to not emitting in the first place,” said Professor Becken. 

If you really want to make a difference catch a train. Traveling on trains like the carbon-neutral Eurostar not only generates up to 10 times fewer carbon emissions, but it also allows you to see more of the country you are visiting. Trust me, once you have caught a train from Venice, and weaved your way through the hills to Switzerland, there is no way you will book a plane.

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Climate change: Should you fly, drive or take the train?

3. Stay at eco-friendly accommodation
Booking a sustainable hotel doesn’t mean you have to stay at a stingy property with limited luxuries. Before you pick the most affordable option with Wi-Fi and a pool, maybe look for what, and how, that accommodation does to help the local eco-system. There are tons of sustainable properties, including Angama Mara in the Maasai Mara of Kenya, which adheres to a zero-waste policy, and Time + Tide’s Mchenja and Chinzombo camps that use renewable energy from solar panels and rainwater filtration systems.

There’re endless ways to reduce your impact on the environment while traveling. You could try the above points or something different like traveling to environmentally-friendly destinations. Have you traveled before? Do you have any suggestions on other ways to travel sustainably?

Journalism’s role in society

Meghan Markle has been labelled as “delusionally absurd” by her half-sister who claims the duchess lied in her first official speech of the royal tour.

Markle told an audience at the University of the South Pacific’s campus in Fiji yesterday that she had paid her own university fees, with the help of scholarships and financial aid.

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Meghan, Duchess of Sussex. Source: Flickr Ravin Rathnam

“I am also fully aware of the challenges of being able to afford this level of schooling for many people around the world — myself included,” Markle said.

“It was through scholarships, financial aid programs and work-study where my earnings from a job on campus went directly towards my tuition — that I was able to attend university. And, without question, it was worth every effort.”

The Daily Telegraph

My question is not whether or not Meghan Markle did lie, but rather why does the public need to know about Meghan Markle’s endless family drama?

There has been;

And you can’t forget the fake Paparazzi photos.

But why? I’m sick of reading about Samantha, Thomas and Thomas Markle Jr.

A journalist is meant to act as a public watchdog and hold society’s dominant groups to account by publishing information that is in the public’s interest.

Don’t get me wrong I like the odd celebrity drama but in a world where a Sunrise news bulletin prioritises Micheal Buble over a horrific murder of a woman, it’s hard to say if journalists are fulfilling their role.

Public interest journalism refers to a journalist pursuing information that the public has a right to know.

This does not include stories that are simply  “interesting to the public”  like what the Kardashians wore on a night out, but stories that impact society (hard news).

Hard news

At the end of the day, journalism needs less stories that serve as clickbait and more hard news.

Do you think journalists’ need to include more hard news stories?

Continuing Ian Kiernan’s conservation work

Australian yachtsman and environmental campaigner, Ian Kiernan, known for many campaigns including the Clean Up Australia campaign lost his battle with cancer yesterday, aged 78.

The news of his death should simply motivate us to do better.

Clean Up Australia said to the ABC, while it’s founder will be missed “it was his greatest wish that the work he inspired continues”.

Continuing his work is exactly what we need to do.

There is an estimated 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic in the ocean, and if nothing changes it is predicted plastic pollution figures could reach 250 million tonnes of mismanaged plastic waste by 2025.

University of the Sunshine Coast, lecturer, Doctor Kathy Townsend researches the impact of marine debris and said finding plastic in open ocean turtles shows the far reaching impacts of plastic.

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Plastic found in a turtle’s gut. Kathy Townsend.

“They [Lost Years turtles] aren’t anywhere near the coastline, but they were stuffed [full of plastic] even more,” Townsend said.

“These animals are interacting with debris far away from coastlines and far away from shores,” Townsend said.

“We’re doing the unthinkable, we are actually filling the oceans, which we never thought could actually happen.”

Mrs Townsend said the convenience of single use plastic is a main contributor to the amount of plastic in our oceans.

“As an organism on this planet, we don’t really comprehend the impact that we are having for the sake of convenience,” said Townsend.

Single use plastic

  • Glad wrap
  • Zip-lock bags
  • Plastic bags
  • Plastic bottles
  • Straws

The time has come, for us to stop being lazy and take control of the world we are creating for future generations.

Simple things can make a big difference.

Before he died, Mr Kiernan said to Nine News , “Making a real difference starts with looking more closely at our personal purchasing behaviour, becoming conscious of the single use products, packaging and plastics that we buy and then discard.”

So, next time you go to put your apples in a single use plastic bag, will you think twice?

“Real food” key ingredient to premiership

As back-to-back winners, the Sunshine Coast Lightning have turned heads and performance dietitian Kellie Hogan said the team’s nutrition was crucial to elite practice.

Ms Hogan said her focus was on incorporating “real food” into the diets of the athletes to optimise performance.

“I don’t have a food restriction list so much, I really focus on ‘positive performance nutrition’,” Ms Hogan said.

“I focus on all the things they need to eat to be at their peak of an athlete.”

Ms Hogan said the nature of netball meant each player needed a personalised strategy.

“Netball has quite a range of types of athletes within the sport… in terms of their height, their roles on the court… as a result they have similar but potentially quite different nutritional needs,” Ms Hogan said.

Despite the popularity of health supplements among young athletes, the Lighting focused on “food first” with supplements contributing to only 1-5% of performance.

“We try to meet the most of our nutritional needs through whole foods and real foods, really nourishing food,” Ms Hogan said.

According to Ms Hogan, optimising hydration of the players was just as important in enhancing performance, as a balanced diet.

“I will measure their sweat rate, and their fluid intake and then try and give each person quite a personalised hourly sweat rate so they can have some targets around their re-hydration practices,” Ms Hogan said.

The team used urine specific gravity strategies on the mornings of game days which alerted Ms Hogan of hydration levels and how they could be improved.

After losing the first three games of the season the Lightning fought back to win the 2018 Suncorp Super Netball series, against the West Coast Fever in Perth.

Ms Hogan said the slow start had a positive impact on the overall season, allowing the team to revisit their nutrition strategy.

“It wasn’t anything new, it was just making sure all the little details were correct, and I think that makes a difference to some people,” Ms Hogan said.

High Performance manager Narelle Sibte said the changes Ms Hogan made were “huge”, as maintaining a diet comes with a challenge.

“If I average it out, in the first year they lost something like 20kg of body fat and gained 20kg of muscle, that’s incredible,” Ms Sibte said.

Ms Hogan said players ate an assortment of foods but carbohydrates were essential to their training.

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Healthy fats, nutrient dense carbohydrates and fresh produce made up a good portion of the team’s diets.

Carbohydrates included were:

  • Wholemeal/grain bread and wraps
  • Crackers
  • Brown rice
  • Pasta

“I focus a lot on variety for the athletes to make sure they get a wide mix of nutrients,” Ms Hogan said.

“I really focus on carbohydrates, [they] are a strong requirement for them because of the nature of the type training they do.”

Although foods like carbohydrates were important, Ms Hogan said she focused on creating plans that catered to the needs of the individual players.

“If the player doesn’t enjoy those foods I will get them to have whatever they prefer, it’s not strict,” Ms Hogan said.

Propaganda

WHAT IS PROPAGANDA?

In the novel ‘1984’ by George Orwell, propaganda is demonstrated as one of the main themes of the story. The book highlights the use of falsification in order to promote the authority and create fear and confusion in the citizens minds so that they choose to conform with the social order. Although Orwell’s book is a dystopian work of fiction, many of his theories about the use of propaganda/ fake news for persuasion are widely seen throughout the world in real life and particularly in the media industry. Propaganda/ Fake news is defined as the act of shaping people’s thoughts and perceptions into believing a particular opinion or idea. It is information that is portrayed to be accurate but is in fact not and is often used to justify someone’s actions or to gain support from their audience. For example: during the War, false or misleading messages and illustrations were conducted to persuade vulnerable men into volunteering themselves to fight in the war in fear of not being respected or being seen as weak.

The purpose of Propaganda is to benefit or negatively impact an institution, a cause or a person. It does this by presenting a one-sided view of; information, beliefs, ideas or behaviors that influences or persuades the consumer to align their beliefs, ideas or behaviors to the ones advertised.

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Example of Propaganda within advertising. Source: Rich Begany Photography

There are many different ways in which propaganda is identified throughout the media. Some of these ways include: news satire, news parody, advertisement and fabrication. The separate forms of fake news have a different impact on their audiences depending on the severity of the information and the intention it has. For example, propaganda is used in everyday advertisement for industries including beauty and cleaning products that attempt to persuade people that their brand is the best on the market and/ or that you cannot live without it. The use of propaganda in advertising influences people’s decisions to purchase their products without much thought because they are likely to believe what they see and hear until proven wrong. This is illustrated in the example above which persuades the audience that Maybelline is America’s favorite mascara and therefore influences their purchase. However, political news that is false or misleading can cause greater negative impact because it can steer citizens to side or vote for a different member of parliament due to the fabrications that they have seen and believed. This was proven in the 2016 United States presidential election when untrue stories about Hillary Clinton surfaced and is said to have steered voters into siding with Donald Trump, making him president. Ultimately, the use of propaganda throughout the media and communications industries has a large impact on viewers because it is hard to distinguish whether the news is true or false and has the power to influence small or crucial decisions that are made daily.

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2016 United States presidential election results. Source: CNN Politics

HOW AND WHEN DID IT START?

Propaganda has been a part of society since ancient times and has continued to grow. One of the first societal changes that lead to the growth of propaganda was the creation of crowded civic landscapes. The increased population in one location facilitated propaganda, as people became more perceptible. Like the creation of cities, technological advancements have also played a huge part in the rise of propaganda. The invention of print was the first advancement to propelled propaganda into the modern era. However, hand written propaganda demanded literacy which in ancient times was rare. Evidently, inventions such as engraving, and lithography provided propaganda with powerful visual immediacy that could speak to the illiterate.

Moving on….

During the nineteenth century telegraph, telephone and mechanical recording transformed propaganda once again. Yet, inventions, such as sound recording and film towards the end of the century were somewhat of an indication of propaganda in the 20th century.

More appropriately named as the ‘century of propaganda’, the 20th centuries technology took propaganda to unthought-of heights. Some of the most well-known propaganda was produced during this time, especially throughout World War 2. Adolf Hitler was an advocate of propaganda and used it to spread the Nazis message through art, music, theater, films, books, radio, education and the media. An example of Hitler’s propaganda is the video below which negatively influences the audience by comparing Jewish people to rats.

Other famous forms of 20th century propaganda include posters. Posters like the one below illustrates how propaganda represents a one-sided view of information to alter behaviors.

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Poster reads: “Jews are lice,”.  spreads fear that Jewish people carry typhus. Source: ATI 2017

Although Propaganda is associated with World War 2 it is still apparent in our modern society. One particularly prominent method used by propagandists is Social proof. This technique relies on the way humans process information by observing what other people are doing that are like them or linking them to social norms.

“When we are unsure of ourselves, when the situation is unclear or ambiguous, when uncertainty reigns, we are most likely to look to and accept the actions of others as correct” –  (Cialdini 106)

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Source: Weigh Down Media 2018

A modern day example of Social Proffing:

The technique of Social Proffing was used in an article posted by the Washington post which detailed Pakistan’s developments. The article began with a quote from the Iranian Foreign Minister, congratulating Pakistan. “From all over the world, Muslims are happy that Pakistan has this capability,”. By starting with this quote the Washington Post links Pakistan with Iran which is an American enemy. This plays on the tactic of Social proof as America already has shared beliefs about Iran and quickly allows the audience to associate Pakistan with the existing beliefs of terrorism. Evidently, this Article scares the audience by making them believe the non-threatening nation of Pakistan has terroristic traits and is an enemy.

Overall: 

Propaganda is defined as the act of shaping people’s thoughts and perceptions into believing an opinion or idea. It is false information that is portrayed to be accurate, so the creators can gain support from the audience. While propaganda has been evident within society for centuries technological advancements lead to it becoming very influential in the modern era. It is and was used in various aspects of past and current society’s including; advertising, war and politics. This blog detailed these examples and highlights how propaganda influences the audience’s beliefs, ideas or behaviors by presenting a one-sided view of information.

 

The Downfalls of Citizen Journalism

The continual creation of new social media platforms is clearing the path for citizen journalism. Although this is exciting, it’s time for us to stop and think about what potential issues are associated with citizen journalism.

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Citizen journalist in action. Source: The Sociable 2016

Although citizen journalists don’t have an education in journalism, they should still think and act as if they have the same responsibility. While this is okay in theory, there are 5 key differences between citizen journalism and professional journalism. Some of which have the power to undermined citizen journalists. Such differences exist in the use of; sources, fact and opinion and journalists attitude to truth. In relation to sources, professional journalists are dedicated to the truth and therefore acquire primary sources. Despite this, citizen journalists typically use their own experiences rather than obtaining information from sources. Evidently, the lines between fact and opinion are blurred. Moreover, citizen journalists are not confined by laws and ethics and therefore their attitude towards truth is relaxed. At the risk of sounding like Donald Trump, such a relaxed attitude results in FAKE NEWS

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Fake news during Hurricane Sandy. Source: Mental Floss 2012

This was demonstrated during the citizen coverage of Hurricane Sandy which resulted in damaging rumors. All because citizen journalists didn’t check. Fake news is fueled by social media as anyone can foolishly spread rumors without accountability. Evidently, citizen journalism is associated with serious ethical concerns. When used properly citizen journalism can assist professional journalists. For instance, during Hurricane Sandy citizen journalists were the sole providers of information and when correct it benefited society.

Have you witnessed some good or bad citizen journalism? Leave a comment below.

 

The Birth of Citizen Journalism.

Citizen journalism. What is it? When did it start? And. How did it start? Read this blog to find out!

Ask yourself when you first heard the term ‘citizen journalism’ Did you know what it was? If your answer is NO, this blog is for you!

“Every citizen can be a journalist”

Citizen journalism, has been described as a variation of Martin Luther’s observation “every man is a priest” in that “every citizen can be a journalist”. Meaning, anyone can act as a journalist. While this may seem like a simple explanation, it is in fact a complicated concept that will be explained throughout this blog.

First, let’s have a look at an academic’s definition of citizen journalism?

The diverse purposes and formulations of citizen journalism make it difficult to define, however it can be explained as, ‘‘When the people formerly known as the audience employ the press tools they have in their possession to inform one another.’’

There are two types of citizen journalism: opportunistic and planned citizen journalism. Opportunistic is perhaps the most common form of citizen journalism, it occurs when a citizen is in the right place at the right time, and reports the story! This could be when someone witnesses an event and begins posting about it on social media platforms. Opportunistic journalism is extremely important during world events such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks as citizen journalists become the only source of information. On the other hand, planned citizen journalism is when a citizen plans to attend an event and then shares their opinion on a social media platform.

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Billboard advertising citizen journalism.

Despite the different types of citizen journalism, citizen journalist’s motives can be seen to be underpinned by three guiding principles:

1. Participate
2. Engage
3. Collaborate

Now that you know what citizen journalism is I bet your wondering when it started?

The most well-known instance of early citizen journalism can be seen in a series of 85 essays published in numerous newspapers between 1787 and 1788 . Referred to as The Federalist Papers these essays written by citizens rather than professional journalists addressed a nationwide debate over constitutional principles. Although the term ‘citizen journalist’ was yet to be identified the papers can now be seen as a form of ‘citizen journalism’. The reason being they weren’t written by paid journalists and were published in recognizable and trusted newspapers.

Although news publications have long received user contributions (e.g. the federalist Papers) the introduction of technological advancements such as the world wide web  have led to widespread access to influential and inexpensive tools of media creation. The diverse range of platforms (listed below) in which these tools are used have resulted in citizen journalism being produced in many different forms on varying mediums. Now. Citizen journalists can engage with the media by; writing and sharing their stories, opinion’s and ideas to the world. Evidently, citizen journalism has not only been born but is continuing to grow rapidly.
1. Blogs, e.g. Tumblr
2. Facebook
3. Instagram
4. Twitter

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Numerous social media platforms on a phone.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What’s your take on citizen journalism? Maybe you’re a citizen journalist? Leave a comment below.

 

Sunshine Coast Popularity Increase.

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Toni-Maree Stevens, 47, a regular Sunshine Coast visitor uses the famous beaches as an escape from her busy working life.

Mrs Stevens, has brought her family to the Sunshine Coast during school holidays for five years and said the number of tourists visiting the Coast has increased. “When we first started holidaying here the beaches were so quiet, but now they are packed until sun down,” Mrs Stevens said.

The latest quarterly figures from Tourism Australia suggest the Sunshine Coast is expected to reach a record visitation of 3.3 million tourists this summer.

Rationale.

This photograph uses a strategic composition and angle to communicate the underlying news story of increasing tourist numbers. Firstly, the content including the tourist, bike, smoothie, clear skies and water are all associated with the active lifestyle promoted on the Sunshine Coast.  These elements reinforce the message as they are also typical activities which tourist undertake while visiting the Sunshine Coast. To ensure these elements communicate the intended message the rule of thirds was used. This technique aligns the previously mentioned main elements of the photo on the imaginary intersection points and therefore reinforces their importance to the viewer. The inclusion of the main elements is facilitated by the angle of the photograph which creates a sense of depth through the leading line created by the bike. The leading line directs the viewers eye from the subject to the end of the bike and in the process highlights the clear blue sky and water. Additionally, the natural lighting used in the photograph reinforces the natural beauty which attracts tourists to the Sunshine Coast and therefore creates a happy mood to match the context of the photograph. Such lighting was achieved by moving the subject into an area where the light could be directed from the side. To ensure the techniques regarding, composition and lightning were successful the photographer moved the subject into numerous different areas until all the techniques worked together. By reinforcing the main elements of the photograph through composition and lightning techniques the underlying news story is successfully communicated.

  • This subject was chosen as her story matched the brief and she had a personality which enhanced the story.

The Push To Success.

 

 

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Jenna Bugeja, 23, leaves recovery after placing 3rd in the Ironman 70.3 at Mooloolah on the weekend.

Miss Bugeja had a tough start to the 113km race, after swallowing water in the swim leg but pushed through to achieve a four minuet Personal best. “I’m happy as not many people have perfect races,” she said.

1,445 athletes took part in the event which highlighted the best of the Sunshine Coasts scenery.

Rationale. 

This photograph uses numerous photography techniques to create an appropriate news style photo that communicates a story regarding the 70.3 Ironman race at Mooloolaba. Firstly, the photographs content is strategically selected to communicate the story. Content including; the bike, subject, subjects attire and the background are all associated with triathlons and therefore reinforce the news story. Although photographs would normally exclude sunglasses, in this instance they emphasise the tough nature of the event and are typically associated with triathlete’s race attire. The inclusion of the event equipment and the water in the background also provide context to the story. To ensure these aspects communicate the story the rule of thirds was used. This technique reinforces the importance of specific elements such as the bike, the subject, the water and the medal in key areas of the photograph. By using a slight upwards angle unneeded content (cement and public) was erased and as a result the included content enhanced the context of the story. The angle also creates an interesting aspect of the photo which is aesthetic pleasing to viewers. The lighting techniques used within the photo also work to enhance the context. The use of natural lighting accurately represents the event which was held outdoors and clearly highlights the subject of the photo. Such lighting also implies the harsh environment in which the race is held. Evidently, the utilisation of composition, angle and lighting techniques successfully communicate the story to the viewers.

  • This subject was contacted prior to the event and was asked questions to see if she would suit the story.